Metallic Biomaterials in Biomedical Applications

Nanotechnology has emerged as a significant field of modern scientific research because of its various applications in the areas of biomedical engineering, electronics, and medicines. Metallic nanoparticles have engrossed scientists for over a century due to its various applications, and now, it can also be utilized for biomedical applications. Traditionally, these metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by physical and chemical processes, but now, it is possible to synthesize metallic nanoparticles through biological entities of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin such as algae, plants, fungi, viruses, bacteria, and yeast. The production of metal nanoparticles through biomaterials is biologically safe, environment friendly, and cost-effective. We aim to provide the biomedical applications of the MNPs synthesized from biomaterials like algae, plants, fungi, and chitosan. The MNPs synthesized are gold, silver, copper, and zinc nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have a vital role in biomedical applications, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity against various microorganisms. It also possesses anticancer and antidiabetic activity. They have various other applications in pharmaceuticals including drug delivery. In vitro studies for these nanoparticles have been conducted and are looking forward to the in vivo study. The chapter summarizes the present and future applications of such MNPs in new diagnoses, treatments of various diseases, and drug delivery systems.

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Abbreviations

Dynamic light scattering

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

Michigan Cancer Foundation-7

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide

Selected area (electron) diffraction

Scanning electron microscopy

Surface plasmon resonance

Transmission electron microscopy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Amara Lakshmi Lasita, Sakshi Pabrekar, Nilesh S. Wagh & Jaya Lakkakula

1. Amara Lakshmi Lasita